Known as the Queen of the Caribbean Sea, the historic city of Cartagena is home to the San Felipe de Barajas Castle, a World Heritage site and an outstanding example of 16th-, 17th-, and 18th-century military architecture, among the most extensive and complete fortifications built in the New World. Raised on the hill of San Lázaro, commanding both the landward approaches and the bay, it was begun in the seventeenth century and greatly enlarged in the eighteenth into a stepped mass of batteries and sloping ramparts, honeycombed by a network of tunnels and mines. It was the pivot of the defense that repelled the massive British assault on Cartagena in 1741, one of the decisive sieges of the colonial Caribbean.
