Built in the 13th century, the fortress on Trapezitsa Hill once housed the main church buildings of the capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom, including the Patriarchate and the Patriarch's residence. Its towering walls once rose dramatically atop the site's steep rocky slopes. The hill stands within a loop of the Yantra at Veliko Tarnovo, facing the larger royal citadel of Tsarevets across the river, the two together forming the fortified core of the medieval capital. Trapezitsa was the aristocratic and clerical quarter: excavation has traced the foundations of some twenty churches within its walls, many of them once painted, along with houses of the boyar families. Long ruined, the site has been progressively excavated and partly reconstructed.
