Partially carved out of the mountain rock itself, the medieval Geghard Monastery is a UNESCO World Heritage site nestled within Armenia's lush Kotayk province, its cave-hewn chapels standing as a remarkable feat of engineering and faith. The inscription covers the monastery together with the upper Azat valley whose cliffs enclose it. Its full name, Geghardavank, means monastery of the spear, after the relic of the Holy Lance long kept here. Tradition places the site's foundation at a sacred spring inside a cave; the main church was built in the early 13th century, and the chambers beyond it were cut directly into the rock face by carving downward from above, complete with columns, vaults and khachkars. The interiors are renowned for their acoustics.
