Northeast of Ubud lies the remarkable temple complex of Pura Gunung Kawi, the largest Hindu site in the city and one of the most significant in all of Bali. Reached by descending 371 stone steps through rice terraces to the Pakerisan River, its ten shrines are carved directly into the cliff faces of the gorge, hewn from the living rock as monumental niches in the form of temple towers rather than built up stone by stone. Scholars associate them with the royal funerary tradition of eleventh-century Bali. Around them, hermit cells cut into the rock, bathing places and the spring-fed river form a sacred landscape, part of the Pakerisan valley's celebrated irrigated terraces and water temples.
